Say you want to try a GP antenna on your LoRa module. How long should it be? A Ground-Plane antenna consist of 1 radiator and a number of elements mimicking an elevated ground plane. All of these pieces of electrically conductive material (preferably copper wire) should be long one-quarter of wavelength.
Since the wavelength depends on frequency, you need to apply the formula:
element length [m] = 300 / 4 / frequency [MHz]
This means that each element will be:
| Lora Frequency Band [MHz] | GP element lenght [cm] |
| 433 | 17,0 |
| 868 | 8.6 |
| 915 | 8,0 |
Don't be too picky about millimetric precision of your cuts.
How many elements should you use for the ground plane? In my experiments I used two, 180 degrees apart, because that's the amount of wire I had within hand's reach. If you can use 4, each spaced 90 degrees. With reference to the horizontal plane, ground plane elements should be bent 45 degrees downwards. Again, don't be picky with the angle, but try to be consistent with all elements.
